There were actually a handful of
wars that happened during the American War for Independence. Most of the
battles were between the colonists and the British. There were many staple
areas in these wars that many people remember most because they had a great
impact on the outcome of the battles. But not many people talk about how many
wars actually took place.
The first war was the battle of
Lexington. This was barely a war it was simply just a small battle that led to
a bigger one. During this war the famous Paul Revere rode to warn the colonists
that the British were coming. The one thing not many people notice or talk
about is that he wasn’t the only one. There was another person that came with
him to warn the colonists and his name was William Dawes. So the battle took
place on a small green in Lexington. It officially started with what is now
known as the “Shot heard around the world”. Although this shot is controversial
to which side actually did it. It’s not positive if the colonists or the
British started it. But this battle was rather short but led them to the next
battle which was quite extraordinary. The colonists were smart this time and
knew that the British were moving to Concord to ensue another battle so they
decided to have their militia hide the weapons from them. When they arrived the
colonists were really calm and confident this time around. But, the British
were still able to find some of the weapons that were hidden. The Battle of
Concord then started. Right from the start, this battle was much bigger than the
previous one. Luckily for the colonists the British were force to retreat. But
that simply wasn’t the end for the war between the two.
The next battle was pretty big and
it was the Battle of Bunker Hill. Even though the battle only lists one hill it
actually took place on two hills. The other hill was Breed’s Hill. The goal
that the British wanted to accomplish was to capture those hills for their own.
Soon the colonists figured out Britain’s plan and decided to move one step
ahead of them. The night before this battle the colonists started preparing
themselves in the hills. It was a surprise to the British when they arrived and
found militia already taking up the hills. This of course led to the battle.
The colonists ended up having to retreat but both sides actually won in this
fight. That sounds impossible but it’s true. The colonists won by gaining their
confidence in knowing that they can go up against the British and ensue major losses
for them because it showed in this battle. The British won by gaining what they
went there for and that was the hills. That was a great victory for them but
the colonists gained confidence and that led to more successes for them in the
future.
On July 5th the
Continental Congress was trying their best to end the fighting by making the
Olive-Branch Petition. This petition was asking for a ceasefire. Even though it
sounded like a good idea King George III rejected it. He called the petition
outrageous. So trying to end the fighting failed for the Continental Congress
so the colonists really needed to stand their ground in the upcoming battles.
But, there wasn’t complete failure during this time because a man named Thomas
Paine created a pamphlet called Common
Sense. This actually sparked more awareness for a revolution than the Declaration
of Independence.
A man named Benedict Arnold led the
Continental Army to capture Fort Ticonderoga. They were successful and because
they were so successful they gained more artillery that was much needed during
this time. Since they were confident now they decided to travel to Quebec and
capture ships and supplies. Again, they were successful so now was when the
colonists got surer of themselves that they can go up against the British.
The battles were not over there was
yet again another one. This one was called the Battle of Valcour Island. It
took place on Lake Champlain. This proved that the colonists could even go up
against Britain’s great navy. Throughout this time Benedict Arnold was being a
great general (1777). But, there was something that was made in 1776 that had a
huge impact on history to this day. That was the Declaration of Independence.
Our founding fathers created this and it declared that all of the 13 colonies
were separate from Britain and they were their own nation.
France started to go on the
colonists’ side and tried ways to weaken Britain. The French even provided
secret aid to the colonists. This year was turning out to be fantastic for the
colonists and all was well. But that, unfortunately, ended soon after that when
the British captured New York. This yet again led to more battles and they were
called the Battle of Long Island and the Battle of White Plains. Both of them
were very unsuccessful for the Continental Army and that led to Britain keeping
New York for themselves. But George Washington wasn’t going to give up. So, during
the night he traveled with his troops across the Delaware River which was one
of the most famous things that he is known for today. The river was icy so it
was even more dangerous for him to accomplish getting across. Once they got
across the river they captured the city of Trenton from the British.
That whole problem with the British
capturing New York was just a bump in the road for the colonists. After that,
they began to be successful in battles again. They were victors in the Battle
of Princeton and the Battle of Saratoga. The Battle of Saratoga was the most
notable out of the two because 5,700 British troops surrendered to Major
General Horatio Gates. This all happened during 1777.
When it came around to winter in
1777 the Continental Army spent their time in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. It
was bitter cold and just because of that 1/5 of the men died. Luckily, a man
named Baron von Steuben came and helped the army get themselves together and
improve their fighting skills.
But to summarize the American War
for Independence, the colonists had to go through a lot of battles to get to
their goal of being separate from the British Empire. But, they later signed a
treaty that the 13 colonies were part of the United States of America. That was
all except for Florida. They were separate from the other states. They returned
to the Spanish during this time. It took a little longer for Florida to become
a part of the United States. Lots of people had a hand in making the colonists
successful and it was all thanks to them. But overall, it took years for the
Colonists to finally get what they want and it was a long awaited victory.